Ontario’s universities have a vital role to play in the economic recovery of Ontario’s communities and they contribute to the provincial and regional GDP in substantial ways. The October 2021 Conference Board of Canada report, Economic Impact of Ontario Universities: Assessing the Regional Economic Impacts of Universities in Ontario, tells us that the combined impact of spending from Ontario university activities ($45.6 billion) and human capital development ($50.6 billion) is $96.2 billion annually, corresponding to 11.7% of provincial GDP during the 2018–2019 period.